advl. prefix, As. كالاول As at first; as formerly.

vulg. k, suffixed personal or possessive pron. 2d pers. sing. masc. 1. pers. Thee. 2. poss. Thy.

ed. Mâ-kabli meftûh olarak Fârisîde edât-ı tasgîrdir. مردمك merdümek = adamcık, gözbebeği.

The twenty-fifth letter of the Turkish and Persian alphabets and twenty-second of the Arabic. In Turkish this letter has seven different phonetic values; namely, (1) that of the English k, as كسر kesr, كسوت kisvet, etc., (2) that of hard g (unknown in Arabic); as, كرم germ, كل gil, etc., (3) and (4) those of ky and gy (hard g), special to Turkish pronunciation when the kef is followed by a long vowel ا â, by a long و û or by a short vowel ü, ö; as كاتب katib, كار kâr, كوب kûb , كور gûr, kûr, gör, etc., (5) that of y (special to Turkish words, as a final or medial in a word); as اكمك eymek, ایك îy, etc., (6) that of ng (also special in Turkish words), generally softened into a simple n, or in the word صوڭرە sonra, sometimes omitted altogether, sora, and (7) that of w, when following a vowel ü or ö; as, گوكرتە güverte, گوكرجین güvercin, etc. Our method of transliteration for these different values, as shown above, is k, g, ky. gy, y, n, w. In its Arabic value, this letter is the original of the European k, as ق is the true source of the European q.When a ك, with its Arabic value, is final in a Turkish Ottoman word that has to be modified by ,a, possessive pronoun or a preposition preceded by a vowel sound, the ك undergoes no modification in writing; but its phonetic power changes from k to y; as, كوپك köpek, كوپگم köpeğim, كوپگە köpeğe, etc. If it, in such cases, be followed by a consonant, it suffers no change of phonetic value; as كوپكلری köpekleri, كوپكدە köpekte, etc. Used with its other phonetic values, the final ك undergoes no change in such cases; as, سك seg, سگم segim, سگە seke, etc.The ك has several Turkish and one Persian grammatical use.1. As nasal ñ, it marks the genitive definite.2. Alone, it is the possessive adjective pronoun of the second person singular, and is suffixed to the noun possessed of a vowel, باباڭ babañ, etc.3. Alone, final, and quiescent, it forms the second person singular of all the past tenses of the conjugation of verbs, اوقودڭ okuduñ, یوزدڭ yüzdüñ.4. Joined to the root of the verb, with or without the addition of ز it forms the second person plural of the imperative; as, باق bak, باقڭ bakıñ, or باقیڭز bakıñız.As a Persian letter, the Arabic ك forms the diminutive of nouns, and requires their final quiescent consonant to become movent with ustun; as, مرد mert, مردك merdek, مردم merdüm, مردمك merdümek.The ك has the numerical value of 20, in chronograms and in mathematical works.The original name of the letter is كاف kâf, vulg, kef, but, to distinguish between the k and g powers of the letter in Persian and Turkish words, it is called عربی كاف kâf-ı arabî, or تازی كاف kâf-ı tâzî, when it has the former, and فارسی كاف kâf-ı fârisi, or عجمی كاف kâf-ı acemî, when it takes the latter value. It is also called كاف صاغر sağır kef, (surd ڭ), and even نون صاغر sağır nun, (surd ن), when it becomes nasal, or is pronounced as a simple n.

hc. ar. gibi. [teşbîh ve temsîl manasıyla bazı tabîrât-ı Arabiyyede bulunup, harf-i tarîfle de terekküb eder:] كما كان kemâ-kân = olduğu gibi; كما هو حقه kemâ-hüve hakkuhû = hakkıyla, hakkı olduğu gibi; كذلك kezâlik = yine böyle, böylece; كالاول ke’l-evvel = eski gibi; كأن ke-en, كأنه ke-ennehü = gûyâ. bu terkiplere ba.

(a. f. ha.) : Osmanlı alfabesinin yirmi beşinci harfi olup “ebced” hesabında yirmi sayısının karşılığıdır, [bugünkü alfabemizde, Osmanlıcanın kaf = j ve kef = J harfleri birleştirilmiştir] , (bkz. : kâf).

(f. e.) : Farsça’da küçültme edatıdır. Meselâ : "mordum, merdümek = adamcağız. . " gibi.

(a. f. ha.) : kef harfinin bir başka okunuşu, (bkz. : kef).

(a. ha.) : gr. teşbih, benzetme harfi olup : “gibi, misillü” mânâlarına gelir. ke-enne, ke-ennehu : sanki, güya. ko-'l-evvel : evvelki gibi. ke-mâ-fi-s-sâbık : eskiden olduğu gibi. ke-zâlik : yine böyle, yine öylece.

zr. ar. [ar. zamîr-i muttasılın müfret müzekker muhâtabı olup, müennesimeksûr ise de pek kullanışlı değildir] sen, seni, sana : عليك aleyk = üzerine, senin üzerine.