The twenty-eighth letter of the Turkish and Persian alphabets, twenty-fifth of the Arabic. Its phonetic value is N. In chronograms it has the value of 50. In dates of documents it represent the mouth of Ramazan. ن of the “solar” class, so that the ل of the Arabic article is changed in pronunciation to ن when prefixed to a word which commences with this letter. In Arabic grammar this letter fulfils several functions. Firstly, it is the distinctive factor, as a servile, in forming the seventh chapter of triliteral derivation, called انفعال بابی; it is prefixed, quiescently, to the radicals, while a servile ا is inserted between the second and third radicals to form the verbal noun, and a hemze of junction" (همزة الوصل) precedes the ن; as, from هزم we get انهزام. Secondly, ن precedes the other letters of the word in the first person plural of the aorist tease of the Arabic verb; thus: نعلم na‘lem, we know, لا نسلم lâ-nüsellim, we surrender not, etc. Thirdly, movent with ustun, it ends the third person plural feminine of the arabic preterite; as: قلن kulne, they said. These forms are only met with in quotations. In Turkish words the letter ن movent with esere and followed by ك, forms the genitive of nouns ending with a vowel; as: بابانڭ babanın, of a or the father, etc. In the declension of the suffixed, possessive pronoun of the third, person, singular and plural, in all cases but the nominative, the letter ن appears to represent the possessive suffix, thus, صقالی sakalı, his beard, صقالنڭ sakalının, صقالنی sakalını, etc. Preceded by a servile vowel ی, and causing the final ق or ك of the infinitive to change into غ or softened ك, the ن forms and terminates the sixth gerund; as; باقمغین, etc. In the derivation of Turkish verbs, the ن forms the root-word of the indeterminate conjugations, active and passive; as, باقمق bakmak, باقنمق bakınmak. When the primitive root-word of a Turkish congeries of verbs ends with ل, the root-word of the primitive passive is formed with ن in lieu of the normal ل; اولمق olmak, اولنمق olunmak, بولمق bulmak بولنمق bulunmak, etc. The same substitution of ن for ل takes place in the passive when the primitive root-word ends in a vowel, but then ل may be added after the ن; thus: آرامق aramak, آرانمق aranmak, ارانلمق aranılmak.