The twenty-second letter of the Turkish and Persian alphabets the nineteenth of the Arabic. It has the numerical value of 1.000 in chronograms. Its phonetic value in Turkish is that of a guttural spirant, something like that of the French r grasseye, but at the beginning of Arabic and Persian words its value as pronounced by Arabs, is often that of hard g. In Turkish words when it is not initial, it is generally softened down, even to the point of being inaudible. We have represented the.softened sound of غ, as well as its guttural sound in this lexicon, by the English combination gh; and this must be somtimes softened in pronunciation. Thus; اغا ağa (almost â-a), اغاج ağâc (almost â-aç), ییغمق yığmak (not at all like yîmak, the غ being here much more sensible, though not approaching to yıkmak). After a vowel و with the sound of o or u, the غ has very much the sound of like gh in throughout. Thus صوغان is pronounced sovân. From these remarks it will be seen that this letter is one of the peculiarities and niceties of the Turkish language, and calls for attentive study.A Turkish grammatical function of the letter غ is to replace a final ق, when followed by a vowel, by the addition of a postposition or possessive pronoun. Thus; طوداق dudak, a lip; طوداغڭ dudağın (almost duda-in), of a lip, etc. So in some of the parts of verbs in مق; as, قیردق kırdık. قیردیغم kırdığım, باقمق bakmak, باقماغە bakmağa, In a few monosyllabic Turkish words the final ق resists this grammatical degradation; as, آق ak, آقڭ akın, etc., but چوق çok, makes چوغڭ çoğun (almost çovun), etc.